ࡱ> 796 H bjbj>> <,pTpT-   8D` `.tteee$@peeeeeeFe(9j 00`eeeeeeeeee`eeeeeeeeeeeee : CITATION: Gay Johnson McDougall Professor Gay Johnson McDougall has had a distinguished international career as an academic, a scholar and an activist in the field of Human Rights law and practice. Her work in writing and campaigning against social marginalisation and abuse from racial discrimination in the US and South Africa to sexual slavery during armed conflict in Africa and elsewhere has made a significant contribution to global understanding and positive response to these and related issues. It is for this reason that Prof. McDougall is presented for the degree of Doctor of Laws (Honoris Causa) at the 91Ƭ. Prof McDougall was born in Atlanta, Georgia in the US in 1947. She obtained her BA degree from Bennington College in Vermont, her juris doctoris from Yale Law School and an LLM in 1978 from the London School of Economics, where she focused on Public International Law. Between 1972 and 1980, she served in a range of legal offices, mainly in the public sector in the US. In 1980, she was appointed as the Director of the Southern Africa Project of the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, based in Washington DC. It was in this capacity that, during 1993, Prof McDougall acted as the principal organiser of a six-part series of international consultations on constitutional options for a post-apartheid South Africa. These consultations were held in South Africa and were aimed at providing the pre-1994 negotiating teams with international comparative legal systems for the development of the new South African Constitution. These consultations led to consideration of issues, such as, re-organising the judiciary, developing a South African specific understanding of affirmative action programmes, the idea of a national public defender service (the current Legal Aid South Africa), constitutional guarantees of gender equality, and evaluating electoral systems. So marked was Prof McDougall's contribution to the pre-1994 negotiation period that she was appointed to serve on the first Independent Electoral Commission to oversee the 1994 elections in South Africa. She served in this capacity between January and June 1994, as one of five non-South Africans on the 16-member statutory and constitutional body. Prof McDougall also established the Commission on Independence for Namibia, a group of 31 distinguished Americans that monitored the UN-supervised process leading to elections in Namibia. Among its many tasks, this group published and distributed, worldwide, the only weekly reports on developments during Namibias transition. In this initiative the Group reported to the Secretary General of the United Nations. Between 1997 and 2000 she served as a member of the UN Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights and was the Special Rapporteur on the issue of systematic rape, sexual slavery, and slavery-like practices in armed conflict. This work resulted in her presenting a study which called for international legal standards for prosecuting acts of systematic rape and sexual slavery committed during armed conflict. Although the study was commissioned in response to revelations concerning the more than 200 000 women enslaved by the Japanese military in so-called "comfort stations" during World War II, the report was cited by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia as an authoritative statement of international criminal law in a landmark sexual violence case involving the detention, torture and killing of civilians in a prison camp in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In 2005, Prof McDougall served a six year term as the first UN Independent Expert on Minority Issues. From 2006-2008 she also held an appointment as Distinguished Scholar in Residence at the Washington College of Law, American University, Washington. From 1994 to 2006 Gay McDougall served as the Executive Director of Global Rights, leading the development and implementation of programs in Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe and the Americas. In 1999 she was awarded a McArthur Foundation Fellowship for her innovative work in international human rights. She has also served as an Expert Member on the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD) that oversees the International Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination. While in that position, she drafted and sponsored for adoption a General Recommendation on the Gender Implications of Racial Discrimination. Professor McDougall has published extensively in the field of human rights law and promotion. Her work has been published by leading journals including the Human Rights Quarterly, the Proceedings of the American Society of International Law, and the International Journal on Minority and Group Rights. Her contributions in this field are considered by her peers to be innovative, influential, and visionary. She has been a teacher as well as a scholar and has led postgraduate level courses on the law of vulnerable groups, examining from a human rights law perspective the situation of vulnerable groups, such as, people displaced from their homes as a consequence of government policies or economic hardships, indigenous peoples, disabled people, and gays and lesbians. In her academic work she has served as an inspiration to the generation of human rights activists and scholars who have followed her. She presently holds the position of Father Robert F Drinan Visiting Professor in Human Rights at Georgetown University Law Centre. Between 2006 and 2010 she held the position of Distinguished Scholar in Residence at Washington College of Law, American University, Washington. In the best sense of the engaged intellectual, during these recent associations with universities, she continued to serve as the UN Independent Expert on Minority Issues. Prof McDougall also holds Honorary degrees from the University of Georgia and City University of New York. It is particularly appropriate for the 91Ƭ to confer an Honorary Degree on Professor Gay Johnson McDougall as she epitomises the intellectual traditions for which 91Ƭ continues to stand.     PAGE 2   06s  ! 6 M U 019:kltu~:@AMNhi46 ޾޺޺޶޶޺޺޺޺޺޲ޮ޺ުުުު hxhxh,i}hxh0hIhaLh:h|! hU6 hme hme hme hme 6h^Xhme hUh\zhme 5;h\zhU5;h\zh\z5;> !   :;'(RS+ , - / 0 $a$gd\z$a$gd\z@N-. ?fl} 5&QRSvy+ , - . ǯjhGRUhKGhme h Sh?hI h'h'h'h@ h|!h Wh WhAh6lhUh0 hxhxh,i}E. 0 1 3 4 6 7 9 : @ A B C F G H hIh\zmHnHuhUjhUUjhGRUhGR0 2 3 5 6 8 9 D E F G H $a$gd\zh]h&` :&P :pme APBP. 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